Description

Orthopedics and Traumatology

Orthopedic trauma is any serious injury to bones, joints, and soft tissue from an external
source. These injuries are often the result of a sudden event such as a car
accident or a fall.

Trauma can also be caused by overuse, for example,
long-distance running is a common cause of tibial stress fractures and small
hairline cracks in the lower leg. Physical violence, sports injuries, and
natural disasters can also lead to orthopedic trauma.

The aim of the orthopedics and traumatology department in
our hospital is to restore the function of injured body parts as quickly and
effectively as possible. Sometimes orthopedic trauma is immediately apparent
and requires urgent care.

Other times orthopedic trauma is not life-threatening but
still requires special care. Some of the most common injuries effectively
treated by an orthopedic trauma specialist include:

Closed fractures

Open fractures

Stress fractures (Small, capillary cracks in the bone caused by overuse)

Dislocation

Severe injuries

Orthopedic surgeons have advanced knowledge about the
musculoskeletal system and perform diagnosis and treatment to restore the
function of the damaged organ in the best way.

Arthroplasty surgery (Joint prostheses)

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure performed to restore
the function of the joint. With the resurfacing of the bones, the joint can be
repaired. An artificial joint (prosthesis) can also be used. Various types of
arthritis can affect joints. Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is
the loss of cartilage or cushion in the joint and is the most common cause of
arthroplasty.

The most common usage areas of arthroplasty surgery are;

Shoulder prostheses

Elbow prosthesis

Hip prostheses

Knee prostheses

Ankle prosthesis

Foot thumb prosthesis

Pediatric orthopedics

Pediatric orthopedic surgeons diagnose, treat, and manage
musculoskeletal problems of children aged 0-16, such as limb and spine
deformities, scoliosis, bone, and joint infections, and broken bones. Children
with complex pediatric problems such as developmental delay, skeletal
dysplasias, or other syndromes are usually best managed by a multidisciplinary
medical-surgical team.

The most common diseases and conditions in pediatric orthopedics are;

Hip dislocation

Flat foot (Pes planus)

Cerebral palsy

Foot deformities (Pes equinovarus)

Traumatology

Traumatology is a medical service that examines the
effects of sudden and severe harmful events that damage various organs and
tissues. Traumatology is also the study of intervention methods and techniques
used to restore the integrity of the body after a trauma. The traumatologist
defines the extent of the damage caused by a traumatic situation and restores
the body to its former functional state as much as possible.

This department deals with any external or internal body injury caused by the action of
mechanical, chemical, or thermal violence, in which the human body may be
exposed to trauma.

Lesions may come from different origins, such as cuts, firearms, physical or chemical agents,
and their severity depends on the strength of the cause in question.

Frequently performed treatments in the traumatology department;

Treatment of fractures and dislocations of the large, medium, and small bones of the upper
and lower extremities

Pseudoarthrosis (nonunion) treatment

Scoliosis kyphosis and spondylolisthesis surgeries

Kyphosis is the normal curvature of the rib-bearing
thoracic spine. Severe kyphosis may develop early in life as a result of poor
posture. Kyphosis means the spine is tilted forward. Although kyphosis
generally affects women, it can also develop in men. The extreme form of
kyphosis can cause a hump in the scapula area in the upper back. Kyphosis can
also affect men and women with osteoporosis. Generally, mild scoliosis does not
cause kyphotic curvature, significant pain, or disability. However, when the
deformity is progressive and/or associated with other spinal conditions, it can
cause significant pain and disability and requires comprehensive treatment.

Treatment of adult patients with scoliosis kyphosis
depends on the severity of pain, nerve compression, and spinal deformity. Since
surgical treatments are usually major operations, the age and general medical
condition of the patient is also an important concern. Unless there is a
serious neurological deficit such as leg weakness and numbness, conservative
treatment is initially recommended for almost all patients. Patients who cannot
benefit from conservative measures such as physical therapy and assistive
devices are usually candidates for surgical intervention.

Spondylolisthesis means that one vertebra slips over the
underlying one. This disease mainly affects the elderly as a degenerative
disease but may be congenital or discovered early in life. In most cases,
spondylolisthesis is treated without surgery. Treatment may include physical
therapy, steroid-anesthetic injections, and medication for inflammation and
pain.

A surgical procedure may be considered when nonsurgical
treatment fails and depending on the patient’s symptoms. In severe cases of
shear or instability, a spinal fusion may be necessary. Spinal fusion helps
stabilize the weak area of the spine using rods, screws or plates, and bone
graft. Leg pain, weakness, or numbness can be relieved with a surgical
procedure called a foraminotomy.

PRP and intra-articular injection treatments

The combination of PRP (Platelet-rich plasma) with
surgical techniques in orthopedic surgery allows a wide variety of therapeutic
strategies in the management of injuries of orthopedics and sports medicine.

The use of different therapeutic elements, including PRP
as a biological stimulus and rehabilitation and physiotherapy treatments as a
mechanical stimulus, provides a high-quality health service that will help the
physicians achieve their goal, stop the progression of the disease and improve
function as soon as possible.

Some of the conditions that can be treated with PRP and
other injection applications;

Tendinopathies

Heel spurs

Tennis elbow

Joint arthrosis

Arthroscopy and sports injuries

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a
tiny camera to repair joint injuries. During arthroscopic surgery, the surgeon
inserts a narrow tube with a fiber-optic video camera through a small incision.

Sports injuries can
occur during sports or exercise activities. Sports injuries can be caused by
accidents, inadequate training, improper use of protective devices, or
inadequate stretching or warm-up exercises. The most common sports injuries are
sprains, fractures, and dislocations. Sports injuries include:

Knee arthroscopy

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament tear

Torn meniscus

Internal and
external lateral ligament tears

Patellar instability

Performing arthroscopy in sports surgery has many benefits. The incisions are small, so
scarring is minimal and less muscle damage occurs. Recovery is faster than
conventional surgery because arthroscopy is an outpatient surgery. Also,
rehabilitation is faster and generally more comfortable.

Shoulder arthroscopy

Shoulder arthroscopy is a surgery that uses a small
camera called an arthroscope to examine or repair tissues inside or around the
shoulder joint. This surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia.
However, it is also an option to numb the arm and shoulder area with local
anesthesia.

During surgery, the doctor inserts the arthroscope
through a small incision on the patients’ shoulder and is connected to a video
monitor in the operating room. It examines all the tissues of the shoulder
joint and the area above the joint. These tissues include cartilage, bones,
tendons, and ligaments.

It repairs damaged tissues. To do this, your surgeon
makes one to three more small incisions and inserts other instruments into
them. The damage in the muscle, tendon, or cartilage is fixed. Any damaged
tissue is removed. The surgeon may perform one or more of the treatments for
rotator cuff repair, impingement syndrome, and shoulder instability during your
surgery.

Conditions that can be treated with shoulder arthroscopy are;

Rotator cuff injury

Slap tear

Bankart repair for recurrent dislocations

Impingement syndromes

Frozen shoulder

Ankle arthroscopy

Ankle arthroscopy is a surgery that uses a small camera
and surgical instruments to examine or repair tissues in or around the ankle.
The operation method and the number of incisions are similar to shoulder
arthroscopy. Some of the conditions that can be treated with ankle arthroscopy
are;

Ankle cartilage injuries

Anterior-posterior impingement syndromes

Haglund’s deformity

Achilles tendinitis