Description

Ear Nose Throat

In our ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck)
hospital, diagnosis and treatment methods are applied by making use of the
latest technology opportunities for diseases related to the subdivisions of
ENT. 

Ear Nose Throat and Head and Neck Surgery (ENT)

Auricular (auricular) diseases

Prominent ear: It is one of the most common aesthetic
disorders in society. Especially in primary school age, children with this
deformity are ridiculed by other children, and serious psychological problems
may arise. Around the age of 6-7, the auricle reaches adult
sizes. For this reason, it is beneficial for children with this deformity
to have surgery before they start school. While both local anesthesia and
general anesthesia can be preferred in adults, general anesthesia is mostly
preferred in children.

Auricular traumas: As a result of traffic accidents,
burns and frostbite, fights, heavy earrings, etc., some injuries and ruptures
may occur in the auricle. In such cases, the hospital should be consulted
as soon as possible with the broken piece. Appropriate treatment is
possible. In necessary harvests, auricle can be re-done by using cartilage
and skin grafts from other parts of the body.

Tumors located in the auricle: A physician should be
consulted in wounds that occur in the auricle and do not heal for a long time
despite treatment. Surgery often provides definitive results in tumoral
lesions in this region. Depending on the extent of the tumor, the auricle
can be preserved or reconstructed with flap and graft methods.

Cyst/benign tumors around the ear: There may be cystic
lesions of different sizes, sometimes in front of the ear and sometimes behind
the auricle. The treatment in such lesions is the surgical removal of
these cysts.

Diseases of the external ear canal

Infections: this area is a suitable area of ​​infection for fungi,
bacteria and viruses. It
causes complaints such as ear blockage, pain, itching, etc. to the
patients. There are forms that can be treated easily, as well as forms
that last for weeks and even require surgical debridement.

Tumors: usually benign bone growths called exostoses are
seen. If it has caused hearing loss in patients or caused another problem,
it can be surgically removed.

Diseases of the eardrum and middle ear

Middle ear inflammation: It is a disease that can be seen
at any age, especially in children, and causes pain and hearing loss. Most
of the time, positive results are obtained with drug treatments. When
necessary, a smooth incision can be made on the eardrum, called paracentesis,
and the inflammation can be drained.

Perforations in the eardrum: It mostly occurs as a result of untreated
otitis media. As a result of trauma, the eardrum can be perforated. Since
spontaneous healing may occur in membranes perforated as a result of trauma,
follow-up can be maintained. However, the holes in which otitis media
occur should be surgically repaired. Usually, the eardrum is repaired
using the patient’s own tissues (muscle fascia or cartilage perichondrium)
under general anesthesia.

Chronic otitis media (chronic otitis): It is a disease that occurs with
damage to the middle ear mucosa and ossicles and deterioration of the patient’s
hearing. In order to clear the infection and re-repair the bones, patients
need surgery called tympanoplasty. Although it is important to protect and
restore hearing in these surgeries, the main aim is to purify the ear from the
disease. Thus, the facial nerve, balance center and brain, which are very
close to the middle ear, will be protected. 

Inner Ear

The inner ear contains the center of hearing and
balance. Diseases in this area cause dizziness and hearing loss.

Vertigo: the inner ear is in the center of
balance. Teenage vertigo is mostly caused by the inner ear. There are
many diseases and disorders that cause vertigo.

Posistonel vertigo (crystal play): It is thought to occur
as a result of calcium crystals falling into the balance channels in the inner
ear. When the patient’s head is in that position, whichever channel is
affected, very severe, short-term and vertigo attacks occur. The treatment
for this condition is some maneuvers and some exercises to do at home.

Meniere’s disease (inner ear tension): It is the excess
of the fluid circulating in the balance channels. Although the exact cause
is unknown, there is a genetic transition. In patients; Symptoms such
as fullness in the ears, ringing, sensitivity to loud sounds and dizziness are
seen. Most of the time, patients undergo audiometric
examination. Some patients may require further investigation. Salt
and caffeine restriction and some drugs are used in its treatment.

Labyrinthitis: inflammation of the structures in the
inner ear. Often there is a previous upper respiratory tract
infection. There is severe dizziness that lasts for days. Such
patients may be hospitalized.

Sudden hearing loss: It is mostly unilateral hearing loss
that develops rapidly or progresses over days. Diagnosis and follow-up are
made by audiometric examination. It is necessary to start treatment
early. Depending on the level of hearing loss, it mostly heals without
sequelae.

Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss): hearing may
decrease as a natural consequence of the aging process. It cannot be
corrected with medication or any surgery. If these people have
communication problems with their surroundings, it is recommended to use
hearing aids. The diagnosis of this condition and the settings of the hearing
aid are made by audiometric examination.

Facial paralysis (facial paralysis): most of the time the
cause is not known exactly. (bell’s palsy) virus infections are
blamed. It is a condition in which the muscles on one side of the face are
usually paralyzed. It is seen in all age groups. If there has been a
nerve cut or compression due to trauma, it may be necessary to release the
nerve surgically. Most patients benefit from medical treatment. 

Rhinology

Rhinoplasty: It is the general name of the operation in
which the nasal bone and cartilage skeleton are reshaped. It is done with
two main techniques, closed and open. Over time, with the development of
surgical techniques and instruments, more natural and less traumatic results
have begun to be obtained. In general, low nasal tip, nasal arch, nasal
axis shifting to the right or left, nose tip or base being excessively wide are
among the most common causes of operation.

Septoplasty: septum deviation is the name given to the
curvature in the middle part of the nose. This inclination causes nasal
congestion, frequent sinusitis, and mouth breathing. It is corrected with
a surgery called septoplasty. It can be done under local or general
anesthesia. There is no difference in the external shape of the nose of
the patients who only underwent septoplasty. It is made for easy breathing
through the nose. In some cases, it can also be done together with
rhinoplasty. It is a surgical intervention with a short recovery time.

Concha hypertrophy: It is the excessive swelling of the
structures called the lower turbinate in the nose, mostly due to allergies,
causing nasal congestion. The same problem arises in cases of chronic
sinusitis and in nasal spray addicts. In its treatment, turbinates can be
reduced by radiofrequency method. Inferior turbinates that are
unresponsive to radiofrequency or have polyps may require a surgical
intervention called endoscopic turbinate reduction. Both operations can be
performed under general or local anesthesia.

Concha bullosa: It is the condition that the middle nasal
concha, located at the opening point of the five sinuses in the nose, is
excessively wide. It can cause nasal congestion and chronic
sinusitis. Those that are large enough to cause problems are reduced by
endoscopic concha bullosa resection. This method can be performed with
both general and local anesthesia.

Chronic sinusitis: sinusitis resistant to long-term drug
treatments. It can be caused by resistant bacteria, anatomical disorders,
allergic conditions, fungi, immune deficiencies. Diagnosis is made by
paranasal sinus tomography. In its treatment, removal of anatomical
obstacles in the nose (septum deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, concha bullosa,
polyp, foreign body, etc.) and endoscopic sinus surgery are applied. Sinuses
are interconnected chambers separated by thin walls. It is in a dangerous
area due to its proximity to the large vessels at the back, the brain at the
top and the eye at the side. For these reasons, these structures should be
kept in mind during surgical intervention in the sinuses. The aim in
surgery should be to reach and clean the sick sinuses and not to touch the
healthy ones. In order to achieve permanent well-being after surgery, it
should not be acted too aggressively and the natural openings of the sinuses
should be preserved and expanded. If good bleeding control can be achieved
after sinus surgeries, we usually do not put tampons.

Nasal polyps: may occur after advanced and insufficiently
treated allergic rhinitis. Both sinuses and nasal cavities may be filled
by polyps. In advanced patients, polyps may protrude from the tip of the
nose. In its treatment, endoscopic sinus surgery can be performed or drugs
containing cortisone can be used. There is a risk of recurrence of the
disease in both methods. It occurs again after a longer time in patients
who underwent surgery. It is entered into the nose with the endoscopic
method, and the polyp tissues in the nose and sinuses are cleaned with various
hand tools or electrical systems.

Tumors in the nose and sinus: mostly unilateral,
long-lasting congestion, smelly and bloody discharge, and pain
complaints. Diagnosis is made by tomography, MRI and pathological
examination. The location of the tumor, adjacent structures and its extent
are effective in choosing the treatment method. Closed surgical methods
can be applied as well as open surgical methods can be used.