Description

Gynecology and obstetrics

Pregnancy and Antenatal Care

Pregnancy and childbirth are the two most important experiences a woman has. This
is very nice, but at the same time, the help of expectant mothers who have
experienced such a difficult experience is someone very close to them,
obstetricians. And regular follow-ups during this period are of great
importance for a happy mother, a healthy baby and a safe future.

Although pregnancy is a physiological event, a pathological
condition that threatens the health of the mother and baby is encountered in 5
to 20 percent of the pregnancies. Purpose of prenatal care; It is the
timely diagnosis of a disease that may arise during the pregnancy of a healthy
pregnant as well as the early diagnosis of a disease that the pregnant patient
has already had.

First application to a doctor during pregnancy

Ideally, a woman who is planning to conceive should consult a physician before
she becomes pregnant and have a medical evaluation. The purpose of the
first visit; It is the determination of all risk factors for the mother
and fetus. Information about the mother’s previous pregnancies, previous
illnesses and operations, drug allergy, serious illnesses in her family, and
birth defects should be investigated and asked.
How often to see a doctor during pregnancy
A pregnant female doctor; He should visit every 4 weeks between 0-32
weeks, every 2 weeks between 32-36 weeks, and once a week from 36th week to
birth. Weight monitoring, blood pressure, and growth rate of the abdomen
should be checked at each examination. In addition, baby heart sounds
should be listened to, and glucose and protein in the urine should be checked. The
latest findings should be compared with previous findings and evaluated.

Laboratory tests during pregnancy

Tests should be done as early as possible in pregnancy and should be repeated
at least once (ideally two) in the 24-36th weeks. At the first examination,
complete blood count, blood group, and blood glucose measurements should be
made. In some regions, VDRL and tuberculin skin test (for tuberculosis),
routine urine analysis and urine culture should be requested. Tripple test
(triple test) is recommended for all pregnant women between the 16th and 18th
weeks of pregnancy in order to screen for normal genetic disorders and
chromosomal abnormalities. For patients at risk of gestational diabetes,
50 g at week 24. An oral glucose tolerance test (50 gr. OCTT) should be
performed. It is useful to investigate HBSAgnin as the cases of hepatitis
have increased in recent years.

Follow-up of the expectant mother during pregnancy

The health of the mother is very important for fetal development and should be
evaluated continuously throughout pregnancy.
Mother’s weight: Total 10-12 kg during pregnancy. It is suitable to be
taken. Weak women need to gain a little more weight, while overweight
women only 6-9 kg. it is considered sufficient for them to take.
Blood pressure (blood pressure): Normally, blood pressure (blood pressure)
decreases in the second half of pregnancy compared to early periods.
Abdominal enlargement: It should be checked at every examination.
Baby heart sounds: Baby heart sounds are the 10-12th gestational age. He
can rest with small doppler devices around weeks. It can be detected by an
ultrasound examination in earlier gestational weeks. In fetal heart rhythm
and rate disorders, such anomalies should be evaluated by performing
ultrasonography, fetal echocardiography and fetal heart rate monitoring (NST)
depending on the gestational age.
Edema: Swelling in the feet is due to hormonal reasons. However, edema in
the face and hands can be the first sign of preeclampsia (pregnancy poisoning),
which is seen together with high blood pressure.
Large and position of the fetus: The size and position of the fetus should be
evaluated at each visit.

Nutrition during pregnancy

Weight gain is 1 kg in the first three months and 1-1.5 kg in the second and
third three months due to different needs at different stages of pregnancy. should
be kept level. Pregnancy does not require changing the eating habits and
palate. It is important to have a balanced and varied diet. All you
have to do is take natural, fresh and varied foods. Calcium-rich foods
required for bone and tooth development are cheese, milk (non-fat), yogurt and
green leafy vegetables. Since the protein requirement increases during
pregnancy, various foods containing protein should be taken. Fish, meat,
legumes, peanuts, yoghurt, eggs, cheddar cheese are rich in protein. Vitamin
C is found in fresh vegetables and fruits. We should eat the food either
fresh or with a little boiled. Fiber foods are important in preventing
constipation during pregnancy. Vegetables and fruits are rich in fiber
(whole wheat bread, raspberries, peas, brown rice, raisins, nuts, whole-wheat
pasta, dried apricots, leeks). Folic acid is necessary for the development
of the baby’s central nervous system, especially in the first weeks. Fresh
green vegetables are a source of folic acid. Iron is one of the main needs
of the baby and the mother. It is necessary to take medications containing
iron to meet the increased iron requirement. As a result of iron
deficiency, the feeling of fatigue occurs in some physical symptoms such as
pale skin and mucous membranes, hair loss, as well as difficulty in
concentration. Iron is one of the main needs of the baby and the mother. It
is necessary to take medications containing iron to meet the increased iron
requirement. As a result of iron deficiency, the feeling of fatigue occurs
in some physical symptoms such as pale skin and mucous membranes, hair loss, as
well as difficulty in concentration. Iron is one of the main needs of the
baby and the mother. It is necessary to take medications containing iron
to meet the increased iron requirement. As a result of iron deficiency,
the feeling of fatigue occurs in some physical symptoms such as pale skin and
mucous membranes, hair loss, as well as difficulty in concentration.

Common complaints

during pregnancy. Common complaints during pregnancy; Excessive
salivation, nausea-vomiting, heartburn, constipation, frequent urination,
varicose veins, vaginal discharge, edema, joint and back pain, pelvic pressure,
leg cramps, breast tenderness and discomfort in the hands.

Some suggestions for pregnant women

Smoking: It has been reported that women who smoke excessively during pregnancy
have an increased risk of low birth and birth weight babies. Smoking
increases the risk of fetal death.
Sexual intercourse: It is recommended that pregnant women with a history of
miscarriage or continuing bleeding during pregnancy should avoid sexual
intercourse.
Taking a bath: You can swim during pregnancy and take a bath easily.
Dental care: Routine dental interventions can be performed under local
anesthesia in every period of pregnancy. Antibiotics may be given in cases
of dental abscesses or rheumatic heart disease and mitral valve prolapse.
Dressing style: Loose clothes and a suitable bra are required.
Exercise: Exercise can be done on the condition that it is not too heavy during
pregnancy, but a pregnant woman should rest for 1-2 hours a day. Dangerous
sports and unnecessary physical stress should be avoided.
Work: It is difficult to set limits on working conditions during pregnancy. Because
each person’s capacity, exercise tolerance, physical structure and the course
of pregnancy are different. Walking, swimming, cultural physics can be
suggested.
Travel: Car, train, airplane travel does not affect pregnancy negatively. However,
pregnant women who have had a miscarriage or have vaginal bleeding in their
current pregnancy may be advised not to travel to distant places.
Information about delivery: The pregnant woman should be informed about the
physiological changes that will occur with the delivery when the delivery
approaches. Patients are asked to apply to the hospital when the pain
begins to come every 5-10 minutes. In addition, they should apply
immediately if the following symptoms occur: water flow, vaginal bleeding,
hand, facial swelling, blurred vision, headache, stomach ache, fainting,
chills-fever, unusual and severe abdominal and back pain, marked decrease in
baby movements.