Description

Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is performed with the help of pencil-thin metal pipes (trocar) and a camera placed
on the body from several separate points without making the usual wide incisions in the body.

Laparoscopy is to observe the inside of the abdomen
with an optical device. This device is inserted into the abdomen through a
small 1 cm under-umbilical incision. By illuminating the inside of the
abdomen; It allows direct observation of diseases or problems related to
the uterus, ovaries and tubes and, if necessary, treatment with auxiliary
instruments inserted through 3 – 5 mm holes in the lower abdomen at the same
time. It is also known as bloodless or knifeless surgery among the people.

When Is Laparoscopy Performed?

It is used in laparoscopy, general surgery and other surgical branches. However, the information to
be given in this article concerns Gynecology. Laparoscopy can be done for
many different purposes in gynecology. It is possible to perform all kinds
of gynecological surgical interventions, including cancer surgeries. It is
most frequently performed by gynecologists in order to investigate whether
there is a problem that prevents infertile patients from conceiving during
their follow-up and treatment.

What are the advantages of laparoscopic surgeries?

Laparoscopic surgery gives good results from operations performed by opening the abdomen in experienced
hands. The most important advantages of laparoscopic surgery:
• The ability to perform the operations without
long incisions results in much less surgical scars.
• It has been revealed that laparoscopic
surgeries cause fewer side effects, especially bleeding and infection, for many
types of surgery.
• Less tissue damage in the operation area
provides easier and faster recovery.
• Intra-abdominal adhesions that occur after
open surgeries and cause trouble for many patients until the end of their life
are less common after laparoscopic surgeries; Obstruction of the
intestines due to intestinal entanglement that may develop in the future due to
adhesions minimizes the loss of the patient’s chance of laparoscopy that may be
required due to another secondary disease.
• One of the most prominent advantages of the
laparoscopic method is that the patient has less pain after surgery and
requires less painkillers.
• Hospital stay is also shorter in laparoscopic
surgery. It is also easier and faster for the patient to regain normal
physical activity and return to work.

Some surgeries performed laparoscopically

Gall bladder: Today, laparoscopy is the “gold
standard” in the operations of gallbladder diseases all over the
world. In other words, open surgery is not performed unless it is
necessary.
Appendicitis: As in the gall bladder, we prefer laparoscopy primarily in
the treatment of appendicitis. Inguinal hernia and other abdominal
hernias: Today, we can perform inguinal hernia operations laparoscopically by
entering only 3 holes. It is an advantage to be able to treat both sides
of the same incisions, especially in bilateral hernias. The laparoscopic
method is also superior in previously operated and recurrent hernias. We
can treat hernias (incisional), umbilical hernias and other hernias in the
abdominal region laparoscopically.
Reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia: We also perform the surgical
treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which causes complaints such as
stomach content backflow into the esophagus and related complaints such as
stomach and chest burning, rancidity and bitter water in the mouth, using
laparoscopic method as a standard. With the same surgery, stomach hernias
(hiatal hernia) are also treated. Classical open surgery is much more
difficult and problematic in these diseases.

Colon, rectum, stomach and other intraabdominal cancers: Especially in the
surgical treatment of colon and rectal cancers, laparoscopy is increasingly the
preferred method. Studies have shown that the effect in cancer treatment
is the same as the open method. On the other hand, those who have
laparoscopic surgery are much more comfortable and less painful after surgery,
and wound problems are less common in open surgeries.

Obesity (obesity) surgery: With the widespread use
of laparoscopy, obesity is now successfully treated with surgery. Patients
lose weight rapidly with laparoscopic gastric tubing, reduction and by-pass
surgeries. In addition, diabetes (diabetes) of many patients can be
controlled after these operations.

What are the new developments in surgery?

New applications in the field of surgery are generally
developing on the basis of laparoscopy. Some of these are;
SİLS: These are laparoscopic surgeries performed through a single incision
of 2-2.5 cm only from the navel instead of multiple points. Its aesthetic
results are excellent. It is increasingly used especially in gall bladder
diseases and appendicitis. It is also tried in other diseases, but it is
difficult and expensive to apply.

Roboticsurgery It is also made with cameras and tools entered through small holes, but
the instruments are held by robot arms, not the surgeon and his assistants. The
surgeon sits in a separate place and watches the 3D screen, controlling the
robot with arms like “joystick” used in computer games. All
operations performed by laparoscopy can also be performed with a robot, but the
application is limited because it is very expensive. Except for a few
types of surgery, it has no superiority to traditional laparoscopy.